What are the main structural components of five axis machining
Five axis machining is a CNC machining mode that can achieve positioning and connection in five degrees of freedom, including three moving axes (x, y, z) and any two rotating axes. Compared to common three-axis machining, five axis machining can better handle complex surface machining problems, such as body components with free-form surfaces, turbine components, and impellers in the aerospace field. The machine tool used for five axis machining is usually referred to as a five axis machine tool or a five axis machining center.
The five axis machining center is based on the three-axis machining center and adds two degrees of freedom, which can achieve positioning and connection in three-dimensional space. Its structure mainly includes the following parts:
1. Machine bed and worktable: The bed is the basic part of a five axis machining center, usually made of high-quality cast iron or steel structure to ensure its rigidity and stability. Workbenches typically include fixed workbenches and mobile workbenches, used for clamping workpieces.
2. Spindle head: The spindle head is one of the key parts of a five axis machining center, usually using a high-precision and high rigidity structure, which can achieve high-speed and high-precision machining. The movement of the spindle head can be carried out on three coordinate axes, and can also rotate around two axes.
3. Numerical Control System: The numerical control system is the control core of the five axis machining center, which can achieve high-precision and high-speed machining. Advanced numerical control systems such as FANUC are usually used.
4. Tool magazine and tool changing device: The tool magazine is another important part of the five axis machining center, used to store various tools required during the machining process. The tool changing device can achieve automatic tool changing and improve processing efficiency.
5. Drive system: The drive system is another key part of the five axis machining center, used to achieve the movement of each axis of the machine tool. Usually high-precision and high rigidity servo motors and screw drive systems are used.
6. Protective devices: Five axis machining centers are usually equipped with protective devices to protect the operator and the machine tool itself. Including protective covers, guardrails, etc.
In summary, the structural composition of a five axis machining center includes the machine bed and worktable, spindle head, CNC system, tool magazine and tool changing device, drive system, and protective device. Reasonable design and coordination of these parts can achieve efficient and high-precision machining.